Vitamin Supplements

Good nutrition plays a key role in maintaining healthy eyes, and specific vitamins and supplements have been shown to support vision and reduce the risk of several common eye conditions. While supplements should not replace a balanced diet or medical treatment, they can provide essential nutrients that help protect delicate eye tissues and improve overall ocular function.

One of the most widely recommended supplements for eye health is omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA. These healthy fats help stabilise the oily layer of the tear film, reducing evaporation and improving overall tear quality. For individuals with dry eye disease, omega-3 supplementation may reduce symptoms such as burning, irritation, and blurred vision. Omega-3s also have anti-inflammatory effects that benefit both the surface of the eye and the eyelid glands responsible for producing healthy tears. They can be obtained from fish oil, algal oil, or foods such as salmon, sardines, walnuts, and flaxseed.

Supplements may also be of assistance for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin are particularly important. These carotenoids are naturally found in the macula—the central part of the retina—and act as internal “sunglasses,” filtering harmful blue light and neutralising free radicals. Higher dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin has been associated with a reduced risk of developing AMD and slowing progression in those who already have the condition. They are commonly found in leafy greens like spinach and kale, as well as eggs and brightly coloured fruits.

Clinical studies, including the AREDS2 trial (1), have shown that supplements containing lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamins C and E, zinc, and copper can significantly reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD in individuals with intermediate disease. These supplements do not cure AMD but offer measurable protection for at-risk patients.

Overall, targeted vitamin supplementation—such as omega-3 fatty acids for dry eye and lutein/zeaxanthin for macular protection—can be a valuable addition to eye care. When combined with a healthy diet, regular eye examinations, and good lifestyle habits, these nutrients support long-term vision and eye comfort.

  1. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) Research Group. Lutein + Zeaxanthin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2013;309(19):2005–2015. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.4997